Ivan Serov

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Birth Date:
25.08.1905
Death date:
01.07.1990
Length of life:
84
Days since birth:
43317
Years since birth:
118
Days since death:
12326
Years since death:
33
Person's maiden name:
van Aleksandrovich Serov
Extra names:
Iwan Serow, Иван Александрович Серов, Ivans Aleksandrovičs Serovs, , Iwan Alexandrowitsch Serow
Categories:
Communist, Communist Party worker, Criminal, General, KGB, Military person, Statesman
Nationality:
 russian
Cemetery:
Set cemetery

State Security General Ivan Aleksandrovich Serov (Russian: Иван Александрович Серов, August 13, 1905 – July 1, 1990) was a prominent leader of Soviet security and intelligence agencies, head of the KGB between March 1954 and December 1958, as well as head of the GRU between 1958 and 1963. He was Deputy Commissar of the NKVD under Lavrentiy Beria, and was to play a major role in the political intrigues afterJoseph Stalin's death. Serov helped establish a variety of secret police forces in Central and Eastern Europe after the rise of the Iron Curtain, and played an important role in crushing the Hungarian Revolution of 1956.

Serov headed both the political intelligence agency (KGB), and the military intelligence agency (GRU), making him unique in Soviet/Russian history.

Early life and military career

Serov was born on August 13, 1905, in Afimskoe, a village in the Vologda province of the Russian Empire. Major changes in Russia occurred during his childhood, culminating in the Bolshevik Revolution in November 1917. In 1923 (when he was 18) he joined the Red Army, shortly after the end of the Russian Civil War; in 1926, he became a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and graduated from the Artillery Officers School of Leningrad in 1928. A major step in his career as a Red Army officer was the attendance of Higher Academic Courses in the prestigious Frunze Military Academy from which he graduated in 1939. Later that year, he entered the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD), in a major capacity.

Serov was able to survive the Great Purge, and in 1937, was tasked as the executioner of Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky, along with other leading Red Army figures. Viktor Suvorov claims that Serov had a responsibility in the deposition and execution of Nikolai Yezhov.

Actions in World War II

Serov became the Ukrainian Commissar of the NKVD in 1939, and from this point onwards he played a major role in many of the actions of the Soviet secret police in World War II, helping to organize the deportation of the Chechens and the peoples of the Baltic States, becoming Beria's primary lieutenant in 1941.

Ukrainian Commissar

Serov was the Ukrainian commissar of the NKVD between 1939 and 1941. Time magazine has accused him of being responsible for the death of "hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian peasants" in this time period. Serov was also a colleague in Ukraine of Nikita Khrushchev, the local Head of State, who himself was nicknamed the "Butcher of the Ukraine".

As well as performing his duties in this post, Serov was also responsible for the co-ordination of deportation from the Baltic Statesand Poland. Viktor Suvorov claims Serov may have been one of the people responsible for the Katyn Massacre, and William Taubman, Khrushchev's biographer, states this as a fact.

Deputy Commissar of the NKVD

In 1941 Serov was promoted to become Deputy Commissar of the NKVD as a whole, serving under Beria as one of his primary lieutenants; in this function, Serov was responsible for the deportation of a variety of Caucasian peoples. He issued the so-calledSerov Instructions, which detailed procedures for mass deportations from the Baltic States. He also coordinated the mass expulsion of Crimean Tatars from the Crimean ASSR in the end of World War II.

Viktor Suvorov claims that in 1946 Serov personally took part in the execution of Andrey Vlasov, along with the rest of the command of the Russian Liberation Army, an organization that had co-operated with the Nazis in World War II.

Serov was one of the major figures in SMERSH, the wartime counterintelligence department of the Red Army, a deputy to Viktor Abakumov. It was in this function that Serov established the Polish Ministry of Public Security, the Polish secret police until 1956, acting as its main Soviet adviser and organizer.

Serov organized the persecution of the Armia Krajowa as Deputy Commissar, helping to bring about the Stalinist era of Polish history.

Post-War actions

In 1945, Serov was transferred to the Second Belarusian Front, and he went to Berlin in May of that year. He stayed there until 1947, helping to organize the construction of the Stasi, the East German secret police.

Becoming Head of the KGB

After the death of Stalin, Serov, who was close to Beria, betrayed him, conspiring with the officers of GRU against him, thus avoiding his own downfall in the aftermath. Serov was one of the few major figures in the secret police to survive this incident.

In 1954, Serov became Chairman of the KGB, and so the head of the larger part of the Soviet secret police. Serov organized security for the tours of Nikolai Bulganin and Nikita Khrushchev, but did not travel to Britain in 1956 when he was decried by the British mediaas "Ivan the Terrible" and "the Butcher".

Hungary

Serov played a key role in the Hungarian crisis, sending reports to the Kremlin from Budapest, and escorting visiting Soviet Presidium leaders Anastas Mikoyan and Mikhail Suslov in an armed personnel carrier into Budapest on October 24, because there was too much shooting in the streets.

In 1956, the Hungarian revolution overthrew the incumbent Communist Hungarian government and in response to this, János Kádárformed a new government more loyal to Moscow, but this received little popular support. Serov was responsible for arresting supporters of Imre Nagy who were trying to negotiate with Soviet military officials.

Serov organized deportations of Hungarians, among them Imre Nagy. Serov co-ordinated the abduction of Pál Maléter, the Hungarian general, and the disruption of peace talks between the Red Army and the Hungarian forces.

Remova

Serov was removed from his post as head of the KGB in 1958 after hints by Nikita Khrushchev, who had said that Western visitors could expect that they "wouldn't see so many policemen around the place", that the Soviet police force would undergo a restructuring. Serov was moved from his post to that of Director of the GRU.

GRU Executive and downfall

As head of GRU, Serov was a player in the Cuban Missile Crisis, helping the Soviet leadership with American intelligence. After the failure of the Soviet Union to gain the upper hand in the crisis, Serov was dismissed from the position, and in 1965 was stripped of his Party membership, bringing his career to an end.

Serov, however, lived on till 1990, the year before the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Significance

Though Serov is generally considered less significant than Lavrentiy Beria in modern literature, his actions helped to bring Stalinismto Europe and to intensify the Stalinist process in the Soviet Union. Serov's consolidation of Soviet power in Eastern Europe was helped by his organization of both the UB (Polish Intelligence Service) in Poland and the Stasi in East Germany.

Serov's downfall from position of power has been linked to a case called the Penkovsky affair. Oleg Penkovsky was Serov's protégé, an officer who turned to be a double agent. Serov was married to Khrushchev's daughter and this saved him when he was expelled from power.

Further reading

  • Nikita Petrov, "The First Chairman of the KGB: Ivan Serov" (Pervy predsedatel KGB : Ivan Serov), Moscow: Materik (2005) ISBN 5-85646-129-0
  • Johanna Granville, The First Domino: International Decision Making During the Hungarian Crisis of 1956, Texas A & M University Press, 2004. ISBN 1-58544-298-4.
  • Viktor Suvorov, "Inside Soviet Military Intelligence" (1984), ISBN 0-02-615510-9

Source: wikipedia.org

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        Relation nameRelation typeBirth DateDeath dateDescription

        05.11.1918 | Главное разведывательное управление (ГРУ) СССР

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        21.01.1940 | Czortków Uprising

        The Czortków Uprising (Polish: Powstanie Czortkowskie) was a failed attempt at resisting Soviet state repressions by the young anti-Soviet Poles most of whom were prewar students from the local high school in the Soviet-occupied Polish town of Czortków (now Chortkiv, Ukraine). The insurgents attempted to storm the local Red Army barracks and a prison in order to release Polish soldiers incarcerated there. The attack occurred on the night of January 21–22, 1940. It was the first Polish uprising during World War II.

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        11.05.1944 | The decision of deportation of Crimean Tatars

        The state-organized and forcible deportation of the Crimean Tatars from the Crimean Peninsula by the Soviet Union in 1944 was ordered by Joseph Stalin as a form of collective punishment for alleged collaboration with the Nazi occupation regime in Taurida Subdistrict during 1942-1943. The event is also known as Sürgünlik in Crimean Tatar (meaning "exile")

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        18.05.1944 | Communist acts of genocide: Deportation of Crimean Tatars. 228,543 deported

        According to order Nr. ГОКО-5859 (Постановление Государственного Комитета Обороны СССР № от 11 мая 1944), in the early morning of 18.05.1944 deportation of Crimean Tatar begun. Altogether 228,543 crimeans (including all Crimean tatars) were deported. At that time there were about 20,000 Crimean Tatars serving in Soviet army in WWII. After WWII they were forbidden to return to their homes. Even after Stalin's death, Crimea was kept as a restricted zone for Tatars, and mainly Russians were allowed to live here until 1989 (only on 14.05.1990 when re-emigration Program was established). Crimean Tatars make only 12% from Russian occupied Crimea population today

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        07.07.1944 | Operation Ostra Brama

        Operation Ostra Brama (lit. Operation Gate of Dawn) was an armed conflict during World War II between the Polish Home Army and the Nazi German occupiers of Vilnius (Polish: Wilno). It began on 7 July 1944, as part of a Polish national uprising, Operation Tempest, and lasted until 14 July 1944. Though the Germans were defeated, the following day the Soviet Red Army entered the city and the Soviet NKVD proceeded to intern Polish soldiers and to arrest their officers. Several days later, the remains of the Polish Home Army retreated into the forests, and the Soviets were in control of the city. From the Polish point of view, while the German defeat constitutes a Polish tactical victory, the ensuing destruction of the Polish units by the Soviets resulted in a strategic defeat, especially considering the goals of Operation Tempest. From the Soviet point of view, the operation was a complete success, as both the Germans and the Poles loyal to the London government suffered a defeat.

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        09.05.1945 | 2. Pasaules kara beigas Eiropā

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        18.06.1945 | Trial of the Sixteen in Moscow

        The Trial of the Sixteen (Polish: Proces szesnastu) was a staged trial of 16 leaders of the Polish Underground State held by the Soviet Union in Moscow in 1945.

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        21.06.1945 | End of Trial of the Sixteen in Moscow

        The Trial of the Sixteen (Polish: Proces szesnastu) was a staged trial of 16 leaders of the Polish Underground State held by the Soviet Union in Moscow in 1945.

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        12.01.1948 | Убийство Соломона Михоэлса

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        30.03.1948 | Order №2/ 132486 from 30.03.1948. "Order on the seizure of Nazi concentration camps equipment for further use in the Gulag system"

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        13.03.1954 | PSRS APP Dekrēts par PSRS Ministru padomei pakļautas Valsts Drošības Komitejas izveidošanu

        PSRS Augstākās Padomes prezidija lēmums

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        10.08.1955 | Секретный бордель высших руководителей СССР - Дело гладиаторов

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        23.10.1956 | Ungārijas pretkomunistiskā revolūcija

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        16.06.1958 | W więzieniu w Budapeszcie zostali powieszeni przywódcy powstania węgierskiego Imre Nagy i Pál Maléter.

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        14.10.1964 | Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev was removed from power

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        04.04.1970 | Netālu no Magdeburgas VDK virsnieki sadedzina Hitlera mirstīgās atliekas un pelnus izkaisa upē

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        13.04.1990 | PSRS oficiāli atzīst NKVD vainu Katiņas masu slepkavībā

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        05.11.2000 | День военной разведки

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        14.11.2021 | Aivars Borovkovs: Runājiet ar vecākiem un vecvecākiem, kamēr viņi vēl dzīvi

        “Izmantojiet laiku. Kamēr vēl iespējams – parunājiet ar saviem vecākiem un vecvecākiem. Uzziniet par notikumiem, piemēram, “Hruščova atkušni”, Atmodas laiku. Ja atrodat kādus fotoattēlus – saglabājiet tos. Jo cilvēki un lietas aiziet, pazūd. Daudziem mājās ir atmiņu krājumi, kas nevienam nav vajadzīgi. Un tomēr... tie ir vajadzīgi. Tā ir tautas atmiņa, kas jāuzkrāj,” aicina Aivars Borovkovs, jurists, fotogrāfs, dzīvnieku tiesību aizstāvis un – kopā ar kolēģi Ainaru Brūveli – pasaules kultūrvēsturiskās enciklopēdijas “timenote.info” veidotājs. Tumšajā veļu laikā – domāsim kopā.

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