Katyn war cemetery

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Interments:
2791view records
Active from:
00.00.1940
Categories:
Fraternal Cemetery (common grave), Gulag
Additional information

Katyn war cemetery (Polish: Polski Cmentarz Wojenny w Katyniu) is a Polishmilitary cemetery located in Katyn, a small village 22 kilometres away from Smolensk,Russia, on the road to Vitebsk. It contains the remnants of 4,412 Polish officers of the Kozelsk prisoner of war camp, who were murdered in 1940 in what is called theKatyn massacre. Except for bodies of two Polish generals exhumed by German authorities in 1943 and then buried separately, all Polish officers murdered in Katyn were buried in six large mass graves. There is also a Russian part of the cemetery, where some 6,500 victims of the Soviet Great Purges of the 1930s were buried by the NKVD. The cemetery was officially opened in 2000.

The cemetery is a large, irregular area covering roughly 22 hectares of forest. All mass graves are located on both sides of the main alley. There is also a circular alley with thousands of names of the officers who perished in the massacre. At the end of the main alley there is a war memorial and an altar with a memorial bell located underground.

History

Initially, after the exhumation of 1943, the Germans had permitted the Polish Red Cross to build a cemetery on the spot. However, following the Soviet re-taking of the area it was destroyed and most evidence removed. The area was again forested and civilians were banned from entering the area. As the knowledge of the massacre was suppressed in Communist countries, in 1976 the Polish Government in Exile awarded the Katyn Memorial inLondon with the cross of Virtuti Militari, the highest Polish military award.

Following Soviet admittance of the crime in 1990, the exhumation and archaeological works were resumed. In 1994 a bi-lateral treaty on war cemeteries and war memorials was concluded between Poland and Russia. This paved the way for a construction of a proper war cemetery in Katyn. After several years of construction it was opened to the public on July 28, 2000. That year also similar cemeteries were opened at other mass murder sites of Piatikhatki (near Kharkiv), Smolensk, and Mednoye. The Virtuti Militari awarded to the monument in London was then transferred to Katyn, which became one of the very few places in the world among its recipients.

During the opening ceremony the spot was visited by the highest Polish and Russian authorities. Among them were the Prime Ministers Jerzy Buzek and Viktor Khristenko, as well as Marshals of Sejm (Maciej Płażyński) and Senate (Alicja Grześkowiak). The ceremony was opened by the Polish Chief of General Staff, General Henryk Szumski, and concluded with a Catholic mass celebrated by the primate of Poland Józef Glemp, while the Orthodox ceremony was conducted by Metropolitan bishop of Smolensk Cyril Gundyaev. There were also prayers of other denominations held, as there were alsoProtestant, Muslim and Jewish victims of the NKVD buried there.

On April 10, 2010, the Polish President Lech Kaczyński, his wife and another 94 people including many of his top staff members, more than a dozen members of the Parliament and leaders of the military died when the presidential plane went down about a half mile from the runway in the Russian city of Smolensk. The Polish delegation was on its way to take part in a ceremony there to commemorate the Soviet massacre of more than 20,000 members of Poland’s elite 70 years ago.

Sources: wikipedia.org

Events

03.07.1937 | Staļina telegramma visām Komunistiskās partijas apgabalu komitejām par terora sākšanu

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21.08.1937 | Padomju Savienībā tiek iznīcināti Polijas kompartijas līderi un biedri

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22.09.1939 | Soviet - Nazi German Military Parade At Brest-Litovsk

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22.09.1939 | Soviet - Nazi Alliance. September 1939. Genocides & War Crimes

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26.11.1939 | Shelling of Mainila

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05.08.1940 | Ar PSRS APP dekrētu tiek izveidota Latvijas PSR - Latvija tika inkorporēta PSRS sastāvā

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03.12.1941 | General Anders meets Stalin

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13.02.1945 | Bombing of Dresden in World War II

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01.07.1960 | Verdzība strādnieku komunistiskajā paradīzē: pirmo reizi kolhoznieki var saņemt algu naudā.

Līdz 1960. gada 1. jūlijam Krievijas (PSRS) kolektīvo saimniecību strādniekiem (kolhozniekiem) tika uzskaitītas "izstrādes dienas", par kurām tie varēja saņemt pretī pārtikas uc. pirmās nepieciešamības preces. Pārvietošanās brīvību PSRS kolhoznieki ieguva tikai 1974. gadā - tad tiem sāka izdot pases, bez tām tie nevarēja doties uz kādu citu vietu bez vietējās nomenklatūras atļaujas. Pretēji neretiem kolaborantu apgalvojumiem, ka padomju okupācijas laikā "visi bija komunisti", fakti pierāda, ka komunistu nebija vairāk par 5% no iedzīvotājiem. Turklāt iestāšanās partijā vēl nenozīmēja piederību elitei (nomenklatūrai). Tipiski jebkurai komunistiskajai iekārtai, komunistu elitei sagrābjot varu, pārējā sabiedrība tiek padarīta par šīs elites dzimtcilvēkiem, jeb faktiski- vergiem. Tā tas joprojām notiek Ķīnā u.c. komunistiskās valstīs, turklāt attīstoties informācijas tehnoloģijām, novērošana kļūst par totālu parādību.

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31.10.1961 | Staļins tiek aizvākts no Ļeņina mauzoleja

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13.04.1990 | PSRS oficiāli atzīst NKVD vainu Katiņas masu slepkavībā

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17.06.2000 | W Charkowie otwarto Cmentarz Ofiar Totalitaryzmu

Cmentarz Ofiar Totalitaryzmu w Charkowie – cmentarz wojskowy w Charkowie, w rejonie kijowskim, na Piatichatkach, wzniesiony w latach 1999–2000 według projektu Zdzisława Pidka.

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