Viktor Ivanovich Anpilov (Russian: Ви́ктор Ива́нович Анпи́лов; 2 October 1945, in Belaya Glina, Krasnodar Krai — 15 January 2018, in Moscow) was a Russian hardline Communist politician and trade unionist.

Anpilov joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1972. He worked as a Soviet journalist in Latin America. In 1990, Anpilov was nominated as candidate for the Congress of People's Deputies and Moscow city Soviet. As a candidate, he was reported to have maintained links with the ultranationalist Pamyatmovement.

After the dissolution of the USSR, Anpilov became the leader of the movement Labour Russia. During the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis, he was one of the leaders of the anti-Boris Yeltsin uprising. In 1999, his movement joined the coalition Stalin Bloc - For the USSR. In 2007 he took part in the Dissenters Marchorganized to protest against president Vladimir Putin policies. Anpilov was a well-known figure and he has a certain popularity; sometimes he was also invited as a guest on TV shows.

On the 2012 presidential election, he supported Vladimir Zhirinovsky's candidature.

Viktor Anpilov died in 2018. He had been in coma for the last three days of his life after a stroke.