Sergei Aleksandrovich Mylnikov (6 October 1958 – 20 June 2017) was an ice hockey player who played in the Soviet Hockey League and National Hockey League. He played for Traktor Chelyabinsk, SKA Leningrad, and briefly for the Quebec Nordiques.

He also played for the Soviet National Team, winning a gold medal at the 1988 Winter Olympics and at the 1989 and 1990 IIHF World Championships. He was named to the Soviet All-Star team in 1988. Mylnikov was inducted into the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1985. Mylnikov also helped the Soviet junior team to back-to-back Junior World Championships in 1977 and 1978. He was also the starting Soviet goaltender at the Canada Cup in 1987.

He died in 2017 at the age of 58.