Sylwester Kaliski (December 19, 1925 – September 16, 1978) was a Polish engineer, professor and general. He was a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN).

Born in Toruń, Kaliski was a specialist in the field of applied physics. He developed the theory of continuous amplification of ultra and hyper-sounds in semiconductive crystals and obtained plasma temperature of tens of millions of kelvins using laser impulse. He died in Warsaw, Poland in car accident. There is a rumour, that professor has been killed by Soviet KGB, as he headed Polish clandestine program of developing thermonuclear device intended for military use, which was started on order of highest level of Polish communistic party, in opposition to soviet dominance over Poland and other Middle and Eastern European countries.